A good understanding of the similarities and differences to humans enables effective extrapolation of data for translational application. There is no single ideal animal model, as different systems are suitable for different research objectives. Moreover, pathophysiological changes can be induced either genetically or pharmacologically to study the harmful effects of these interventions. Compared to studies using human subjects, animal models have the advantages of being easier to manage, with controllable diet and environmental risk factors. They can be used for invasive interrogation of physiological function and provide a platform for testing the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological therapies.
Animal models of atherosclerosis have served as valuable tools for providing insights on its aetiology, pathophysiology and complications. represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing countries. 10 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
4 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.3 Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.1 School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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